/* hesketh.ai long-read system. One stylesheet for every long-read page.
   Grid 4:8, one breakpoint at 700px (700 and below is mobile, 701 to 1023 is tablet). */

/* ---------- fonts: self-hosted, latin subset, SIL OFL (licences beside the files) ---------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Newsreader';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/newsreader-latin-opsz-400-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Newsreader';
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/newsreader-latin-opsz-400-italic.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/ibm-plex-sans-latin-400-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/ibm-plex-sans-latin-500-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/ibm-plex-sans-latin-600-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-latin-400-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-latin-500-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

/* ---------- tokens ---------- */
:root {
  /* colour: monochrome only */
  --paper: #F5F6F5;
  --ink: #1A1D1C;
  --muted: #5E6462;
  --hairline: #D8DCDA;
  --band: #0E0F0E;

  /* families */
  --serif: 'Newsreader', Georgia, serif;
  --sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
  --mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;

  /* type scale: nine sizes, nothing in between */
  --t-numeral: clamp(96px, 14vw, 200px);
  --t-h1: clamp(44px, 7vw, 92px);
  --t-statement: clamp(32px, 4.6vw, 60px);
  --t-turn: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 40px);
  --t-item: clamp(24px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  --t-standfirst: clamp(22px, 2vw, 24px);
  --t-body: 18px;
  --t-note: 17px;
  --t-label: 16px;
  --t-mono: clamp(15px, 1.15vw, 16px);
  --t-ui: clamp(15px, 1.15vw, 17px);

  /* spacing scale */
  --s-section: 160px;
  --s-block: 96px;
  --s-part: 48px;
  --s-24: 24px;
  --s-16: 16px;
  --s-8: 8px;

  /* grid */
  --max: 1200px;
  --gap: 48px;
  --gut: 40px;
}

/* ---------- base ---------- */
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  overflow-x: clip;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a { color: var(--ink); }
a:hover { color: var(--muted); }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--ink); outline-offset: 3px; }
.band :focus-visible { outline-color: var(--paper); }
img, video, svg { max-width: 100%; }

/* ---------- grid ---------- */
.wrap {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gut);
  background: var(--paper); /* painted backdrop, so multiply has something to multiply against */
}
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 4fr) minmax(0, 8fr);
  column-gap: var(--gap);
  align-items: start;
}
.col-r { grid-column: 2; }

/* ---------- header, nav, burger ---------- */
.site-header {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 24px var(--gut);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
}
.site-header__left { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 32px; }
.site-header__right { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.wordmark { text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; font-size: var(--t-ui); }
.nav { display: flex; gap: 24px; font-size: var(--t-ui); }
.nav a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--muted); }
.nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 500; }
.nav a[aria-current]:hover { color: var(--muted); }
.cta {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: var(--t-ui);
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--ink);
  padding: 0.6em 1.1em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.burger {
  display: none;
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.burger svg { display: block; }
.menu {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 0 var(--gut) 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}
.menu a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 18px;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}
.menu a[aria-current] { font-weight: 500; }
.menu a.sub { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 0 0 var(--s-24); border-top: 0; font-size: var(--t-note); color: var(--muted); }
.menu a.sub[aria-current] { color: var(--ink); }

/* ---------- type ---------- */
.h1 {
  margin: var(--s-block) 0 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: var(--t-h1);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  max-width: 16ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.standfirst {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--t-standfirst);
  line-height: 1.45;
  max-width: 44ch;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.body {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--t-body);
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 56ch;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.note {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--t-note);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 64ch;
}
.pretty { text-wrap: pretty; }
.mono-note {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--t-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.side-note { max-width: 28ch; }
.statement {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: var(--t-statement);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  max-width: 22ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.turn {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: var(--t-turn);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  max-width: 22ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.aside {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--t-item);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  max-width: 34ch;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.numeral {
  margin: var(--s-part) 0 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--t-numeral);
  line-height: 0.9;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

/* ---------- sections ---------- */
.section {
  margin-top: var(--s-section);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
  padding-top: 20px;
}
.label {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--t-label);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
  padding-top: 2px;
}
.block-head {
  margin: 0 0 var(--s-24);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--t-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.stat-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: var(--s-part) 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--s-8);
}

/* in-page jumps land with the section rule and its air on screen */
#build, #coach, #speak, #proof, #forge-for-you { scroll-margin-top: 48px; }

/* ---------- figures: drawings, diagrams, video ---------- */
figure { margin: 0; }
.caption { margin-top: var(--s-16); max-width: 48ch; }
.fig-drawing { width: 70%; }
.drawing-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}
.drawing-frame picture { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.drawing-frame img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.diagram {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: clamp(340px, 30vw, 440px);
  height: auto;
  overflow: visible;
}
.diagram text { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 13px; }
.video-wrap { position: relative; }

.video-toggle {
  position: absolute;
  right: 8px;
  bottom: 8px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: rgba(14, 15, 14, 0.6);
  color: var(--paper);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.video-toggle[hidden] { display: none; }
.video-toggle svg { fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.5; }
.video-toggle:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--paper); outline-offset: -4px; }

.video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  object-fit: cover;
  background: var(--band);
}

/* ---------- bars: every cell minmax(0,1fr), value on its own line, free to wrap ---------- */
.bars {
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(110px, 150px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 16px 24px;
  align-items: center;
}
.bars dt { font-size: var(--t-note); line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 500; }
.bars dd {
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 4px;
}
.bar { display: block; height: 12px; background: var(--ink); min-width: 4px; }
.bar-value {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--t-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* ---------- numbered items ---------- */
.steps { list-style: none; margin: var(--s-block) 0 0; padding: 0; }
.stage + .stage {
  margin-top: var(--s-part);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding-top: var(--s-part);
}
.item { align-items: baseline; }
.num {
  justify-self: end;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--t-item);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.item-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: var(--t-item);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.lead { font-weight: 500; }

/* rows with a sans sub-head (Who built what) */
.row-head { margin: 0; font-size: var(--t-body); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.6; }
.row-note { font-size: var(--t-note); line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); max-width: 64ch; margin: 0; text-wrap: pretty; }

/* ---------- read next ---------- */
.readnext { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; }
.readnext li { padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.readnext li:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.readnext li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.readnext h2, .readnext h3 { margin: 0; font-size: var(--t-body); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.45; }
.readnext .note { max-width: none; }

/* ---------- content links: one rule. The underline says "this is a link", so it is muted, not hairline ---------- */
.ul, .readnext h2 a, .readnext h3 a, .item-title a { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 4px; text-decoration-color: var(--muted); }
.ul:hover, .readnext h2 a:hover, .readnext h3 a:hover, .item-title a:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration-color: var(--ink); }
/* the whole row is the target */
.readnext li, .doors .item { position: relative; }
.readnext h2 a::after, .readnext h3 a::after, .doors .item-title a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; }

/* ---------- ink bands: true full-bleed ---------- */
.band {
  margin: var(--s-section) calc(50% - 50vw) 0;
  background: var(--band);
  color: var(--paper);
  padding: var(--s-block) var(--gut);
}
.band-inner { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; }
.band-quote { margin: 0 auto; max-width: var(--max); text-wrap: wrap; }
.band-heading { max-width: 18ch; }
.band .num { color: var(--hairline); }
.band .body { color: var(--hairline); }
.band .stage + .stage { border-top-color: var(--muted); }

/* the close band ends the page: close line, filled CTA, footer (96 above the footer rule) */
.band--close { margin: var(--s-section) 0 0; padding: var(--s-block) var(--gut) var(--s-part); }
.close-line {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--t-turn);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  max-width: 26ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.close-actions { margin-top: var(--s-part); display: flex; }
.btn-fill {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--band);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-size: var(--t-note);
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 14px 22px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.btn-fill:hover { color: var(--band); }
/* the footer is the site map, set on the page's own 4:8 grid: wordmark left, page links right, small print last */
.site-footer {
  margin-top: var(--s-block);
  padding-top: var(--s-24);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--muted);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 4fr) minmax(0, 8fr);
  column-gap: var(--gap);
  row-gap: var(--s-part);
  align-items: start;
  font-size: var(--t-note);
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.site-footer .wordmark-foot { color: var(--paper); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; justify-self: start; display: inline-block; }
.site-footer .mail { color: var(--hairline); }
.foot-nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.foot-nav > ul, .foot-group, .foot-group ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: var(--s-8) var(--s-24); }
.foot-group { flex-basis: 100%; }
.foot-nav a { display: inline-block; }
.foot-nav .foot-label { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: var(--t-mono); letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 25.5px; }
.band .site-footer .foot-nav a, .band .site-footer .foot-nav a:visited { color: var(--hairline); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 400; }
.band .site-footer .foot-nav a:hover { color: var(--paper); }
.band .site-footer .foot-nav a[aria-current="page"], .band .site-footer .foot-nav a[aria-current="page"]:visited { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 500; }
/* small print: 15px, the floor of --t-mono and --t-ui, so it reads smaller than the 17px page links */
.foot-small { grid-column: 2; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--s-8) var(--s-16); font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; }
.foot-small a { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.band .site-footer .foot-small a:hover { color: var(--paper); }
.band .site-footer .foot-small a[aria-current="page"], .band .site-footer .foot-small a[aria-current="page"]:visited { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 500; }

/* a line that runs to the column edge, with no measure of its own */
.no-measure { max-width: none; }

/* ---------- spacing utilities (the scale, nothing else); last so they win ---------- */
.mt-8 { margin-top: var(--s-8); }
.mt-16 { margin-top: var(--s-16); }
.mt-24 { margin-top: var(--s-24); }
.mt-48 { margin-top: var(--s-part); }
.mt-96 { margin-top: var(--s-block); }
.mt-160 { margin-top: var(--s-section); }

/* ---------- tablet, 701 to 1023: drawings fill the text column, capped at the measure of the text above them ---------- */
@media (min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
  .foot-group { display: block; }
  .foot-group ul { margin-top: var(--s-8); }
  .fig-drawing { width: 100%; font-size: var(--t-standfirst); max-width: 44ch; }
  .diagram-wrap { font-size: var(--t-body); max-width: 56ch; }
  .diagram { max-width: 100%; }
}

/* ---------- mobile, 700 and below: one column ---------- */
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  :root { --gut: 20px; }
  .grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); row-gap: 24px; }
  .col-r { grid-column: auto; }
  .stage { row-gap: 8px; }
  .nav { display: none; }
  .js .burger { display: flex; }
  .menu { display: flex; }
  .js .menu:not(.is-open) { display: none; }
  .fig-drawing { width: 100%; max-width: 480px; margin: 0 auto; }
  .diagram { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
  .num { justify-self: start; }
  .hero-note { order: 2; }
  .bars { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); row-gap: 6px; }
  .bars dt:not(:first-child) { margin-top: 14px; }
  #build, #coach, #speak, #proof, #forge-for-you { scroll-margin-top: 96px; }
  .site-footer { display: block; padding-top: var(--s-16); }
  .site-footer .wordmark-foot { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
  .foot-nav { margin-top: var(--s-8); }
  .foot-nav > ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: var(--s-24); row-gap: 0; grid-auto-rows: 44px; }
  .foot-nav > ul > li { grid-column: 1; }
  .foot-nav > ul > .foot-group { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 4; display: block; }
  .foot-group ul { display: block; }
  .foot-nav a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
  .foot-small { margin-top: var(--s-16); flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0; }
  .foot-small a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
}

/* ---------- reduced motion ---------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}